Annual Report 1925

Bulletin of Rhode Island State Cullege.
VOL. XX. FOR FEBRUARY, 1925

—ͤꝗ4ũ4ůAa— ne i NUM M—————— n o

REPORT OF THE, BOARD OF MANAGERS

PESAN

D

KINOSTON, R. I.

1925

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE COLLEGE
MAY, AUGUST, NOVEMBER, FEBRUARY

00 22 CX EE
ENTERED AT KINGSTON, RHODE ISLAND, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER
ND
The Auto Press, Printers, Pawtucket, R. I.

HON.
HON.
Hox.
How.
HON.
HON.
HON.

RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE

Corporation
WALTER E. RANGER, Pres., Com. of Education, ex-officio. .. . Providence
ZENAS W. BLIss, Vice-President............Providence Co., Providence
RoBERT S. BURLINGAME, Clerk and Treasurer... Newport Co., Newport
THOMAS G. Werres... Kent Co., East Greenwich
/// ˙·˙; OO Bristol Co., Warren
r Washington Co., Peace Dale
I. L. SHERMAN, Member of State Board of Agriculture . Newport

REPORT

To His Excellency Aram J. Pothier, Governor, and the

Honorable General Assembly of the State of Rhode

Island and Providence Plantations, at its January Ses-
sion, 1925: |

I have the honor to submit herewith the Thirty-Seventh An-
nual Report of the Board of Managers of Rhode Island State Col-
lege, as required by law. |

WALTER E. RANGER,
President, Board of Managers.

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE.

To the Board of Managers, Rhode Island State College:

GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to present the following
as my report for the State fiscal year begun on December 1, 1923
and ended December 1, 1924.

Lack of Appropriations.

The Mos dius feature of the year has been the struggle to
operate the college without maintenance funds from the state,
and it has been a rather harrowing experience. The year has
been successfully completed only by patiently meeting each
problem as it developed. No comprehensive financial program
for the year was at any time possible, because it was only
gradually that the full proportions of the menace unfolded them-
selves. As we look back over the year, it is a source of legitimate
pride to us to be able to say that, during the whole year, through
your foresight, loyal devotion and efficiency, no single laborer
in our employ failed to receive his wages promptly and in full
as each weekly payday came round, and only once (and then
only twenty-nine days late) did the monthly salary check of
officers, professors and instructors fail to go out promptly on the
first of each month. The one failure to pay salaries occurred on
the first of July, and then from no miscalculation on your part.
It merely happened that a yearly remittance from Washington,
which we had every reason to expect would be received at the
usual time, was in some way, still unexplained, delayed far be-
yond the time of payment.

Acknowledgments to Merchants and Banks.

The same boast cannot be made as to bills incurred for sup-
plies of all kinds. They have remained unpaid to the end of the
calendar year. Such a condition has become possible only by the
fine forbearance and helpful spirit of merchants and dealers as

6 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

well outside as inside the state. I desire here to record our
thanks not only for the vital service rendered by this class of our
fellow-citizens but also for their intelligent appraisement of the
conditions, and the loyal and generous spirit of public service in
which, with one or two exceptions, they came to the rescue.
Without their generous and courageous co-operation we should
have been unable to carry on.

The same recognition of loyal devotion to the public welfare,
as concretely represented by this institution, is due and is gladly
recorded concerning the banks which came to our aid. Speci-
fically, our gratitude is due to the National Exchange Bank of
Providence for its action in lending the college money at a low
discount rate on the personal note of three members of your
Board and an officer of the college, and to the Aquidneck National
Bank of Newport for other and more extensive loans to the college,
at the same low rate, on the notes of the college, as a corporation,

It is a pleasure further to note the prompt action of the new
General Assembly now in progress to enable us to pay all the
engagements in the form both of bills incurred and of loans made
during the year.

It is actions like those here recorded that strengthen our faith
in human nature and give us renewed courage and a firmer con-
fidence in the enlarging social consciousness and essential soli-
darity of our civic and economic organization.

Attitude of the Board.

As it became increasingly apparent in the course of the year
that the State Senate was ceasing to function and that, in com-
mon with all other State enterprises, the college would be left
without necessary state support, your Board deliberated long
and earnestly as to its duties and obligations in the premises.
The easiest course and indeed the apparently obvious course
was to close the college until such time as it should receive a new
mandate from the constituted authorities of the State in the form
of an adequate maintenance appropriation. There were indeed
persons unweighted with responsibility who advised, and some-
times rather insistently, that such a course should be followed.
There existed considerable unrest among the students before the
end of the college year in June, and there came before the begin-

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 7

ning of the 1924-1925 college year in September, very many let-
ters and verbal inquiries as to whether the m would open
at the usual time in September.

^ Your Board resisted the pressure to close before the usual date
in June, arguing that to do so would be a distinct and unjustifi-
able breach of faith with students then in attendance and espe-
cially with those who after nearly four years of work had a right
to expect graduation and a degree in due course. It seemed to
us a distinct accomplishment and we felt genuine relief when the
Commencement exercises were over and the last student was at
home.

The decision to undertake without funds the work of a new
college year in September was arrived at mainly by the con-
sideration that your Board was distinctly charged by legal man-
date with the duty of operating the college; that the failure to
provide funds was not an intentional blow at the college, nor
could it in the remotest degree be regarded as a method of re-
voking the original mandate consciously adopted ; that both sides
to the unfortunate contest in which the fortunes of the college
were accidentally involved had previously professed a desire to
promote its welfare; and finally that we had every reason to as-
sume that the people of the State desired and had a right to ex-
pect of all officials charged with responsibility for the public
business the utmost effort and the most courageous energy and
initiative in maintaining the efficiency of their institutions and
preserving them intact from harm under the anomalous condi-
tions existing. Under such considerations your Board unani-
mously decided that it would be both cowardly and disloyal to
the high trust reposed in them not to go forward and not to
stretch to the utmost every power within their grasp in order to
continue the work of education so vital to the public welfare.

Limitation of Freshman Class.

On the other hand it seemed equally clear that no expense
other than what was necessary to maintain the efficiency of the
college at the stage to which it had previously arrived should be
undertaken. Among other things, therefore, it became necessary
to limit the total attendance in the college year 1924-25 to ap-
proximately the same number as for the previous year. As the

g RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

classes had been growing steadily larger, and as we seemed to be
under an implied contract to all undergraduate students previ-
ously enrolled to allow them to continue, the only way to limit
the total attendance for the year was to reduce the size of the in-
coming class by some twenty-five percent. as compared with the
freshman class of the previous year. Accordingly, it was an-
nounced that only one hundred and sixty students would be ad-
mitted as Freshmen in September. The number actually ad-
mitted was one hundred and fifty-nine. The membership of the
Freshman class in 1923 was two hundred and eleven, and the
total enrollment for 1923-24 was four hundred and sixty-nine.
When it is noted that the number of freshman applications for
1924 was two hundred and fifty-six (in spite of the apparent pub-
lic uncertainty as to whether we would be able to open or not)
and the total enrollment for the current year is at this time four
hundred and seventy, it will be seen that an honest effort was
made to restrict our activity within the limits set by the previous
year.

Athletics.

For some years I have felt that differences of opinion among
us had arisen, and that especially with some of the college alumni
these differences were becoming accentuated. There is among
the alumni of many colleges an insistent demand for winning
teams, and it would seem that to some the whole sum and sub-
stance of college athletics lies in the winning of intercollegiate
games. Everywhere an immense amount of time, much thought,
and large sums of money are expended on the athletic side of col-
lege life, and if the value of it all consists merely in winning
games, in advertising the college, in furnishing a sort of gladiato-
rial show for public delectation, in providing alumni with a
basis for boastful gloating over a rival, and in return therefor
enlisting their financial support for the college in general and
especially for the enlargement of athletic facilities; then it is un-
deniable that the time, thought and money expended is enor-
mously disproportionate—that distinctly anti-social evils are fos-
tered and encouraged at what should be the fountain-head of
social virtue and morality for the coming generation, and that
college life itself is in danger of becoming rather a menace than

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 9

a bulwark of safety for society and citizenship. Let me sketch
out a series of evils which wrong ideals and a false emphasis laid
on winning and winning alone in inter-collegiate games draw
after them. In such case the coaches and athletic directors

sought after are those who can produce "results" as reckoned in

games won. For such persons salaries entirely disproportionate
to those paid college or university employees in other lines of
college training are offered and paid from sources which the col-
lege does not control. The prestige and the tenure-of-office of
these persons are co-extensive with the string of victories in the
field and promptly end when a series of reverses begins. Since
under any system of training a supply of good "material" is
essential for “success”, the “successful” coach or director must
see to it—no matter how, he must see to it—that proper mate-
rial becomes available. He is under the severest pressure by
fraud and evasion to make use of forms of “scouting”, “bidding”
and proselyting for athletic material wherever found; when pro-
cured to retain it against college rules by low cunning or by in-
timidation ; and to make it effective by training it to use in action
any foul means it can practice and “get away with’.

Such practices and ideals on the athletic field and in the athle-
tic department very soon propagate themselves among the stu-
dent body, and you get an admiring exaltation of clever fraud as
the true philosophy of life. We frequently condemn our day and
age as materialistic. There is no more genuine materialism than
that which elevates triumph over others into an ideal and glori-
fies clever knavery as the finest quality of manhood. These stu-
dents are those who as future leaders and controllers of our
destinies are to enter our economic and political life. If we
planned to pour into this stream of life a fountain of social poison
that should bring about social distress and social death, we could
not do better than by inoculating these future leaders with the
virus of such training for our athletic contests.

Athletics the Laboratory for Character Training.

For the last two years I have made it a point to attend the
annual Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Associa-
tion. I desired to determine for myself, through the discussions
of the men of this conference, gathered as they are from all the

10 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

great institutions of our land, what they regarded as the function
of our system of athletics in college life and what the trend of
their thought is in regard to its value. I have been delighted to
find in this great conference a body of earnest men, thoroughly
imbued with the fine idealism of the teacher aflame with love for
his students and organized for the repression of the evils that they
recognized as threatening, not merely to the educational stand-
ing of their subject, but also to the young manhood and woman-
hood of our land. Throughout their discussions ran two recur-
rent topics—the combatting of evils grouped under the general
name of commercialism, and an insistence on the character-build-
ing value of athletics.

I came back more firmly convinced than ever that athletics
under proper management and in the hands of competent teach-
ers are the most valuable and effective means that we know for
the development not only of health and a sound body, not only of
courage, self-reliance and initiative, but also and for me more
especially, of fine ideals of honor, chivalry, loyalty and self-sacri-
fice. The athletic field is a miniature reproduction of the arena of
life; in its contests are brought into play all the motivesoperative
in the conflicts of the business and political world. All the pre-
cepts of conduct in whatever classroom imbibed are here tested
under conditions that demand instant decision and furnish imme-
diate measurement of their value and of the degree to which one
has made them a part of oneself. All results are possible. One
may conquer and know himself despised in the eyes of all true
men; one may be defeated and still stand without fear and with-
out reproach. Best of all the tests are not final; they are repeated
and progressive. In them one may study himself; he may dis-
cover his powers and his failings; he may increase the one by
exercise, he may eliminate the other by conscious effort. As he
grows in physical strength he may also grow in self-direction and
moral stamina.

And this is the educational function of athletics—obviously to
train for soundness of body, definitely to practice in clearness of
perception and judgment and promptness of decision, but more
subtilely and even more surely to mobilize conscience and to
develop steadiness of character. So considered athletics become
of vital importance. In selecting a coach the primary question

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 11

becomes not, Can he turn out a winning team? but, Has he sound
character and the power to project that character into his
students?

Our Policy.

Our college is young. It has begun late. It has the opportunity
to profit by the recognized errors of older and larger institutions.
One of these errors (recognized, confessed, and repented of) is
alumni control of athletics, of the appointment and discharge of
coaches and directors. We cannot permit any authority over this
department of college life outside of the legally constituted ad-
ministration of the institution, any more than we would permit
such outside authority in any other department.

We must more fully develop our facilities so that all students
may participate in some form of athletics. This must be done by
laying larger stress upon, and creating greater interest in, in-
tramural athletics, and by enlarging the number of sports en-
couraged. We must not permit all our athletic interest and
activity to sum itself up in the one ambition to develop a great
‘varsity team. We must frankly recognize that for the purpose
of intercollegiate contests our athletic prowess should develop
and will develop only as our college facilities and achievements
in other lines develop. Athletic success in intercollegiate con-
tests depends in the last analysis on the securing among our at-
tendance of extraordinary athletic material. Unless unworthy
means are used, or some peculiarly unusual and temporary com-
bination of chance brings about a contrary condition, a small
body of four hundred students will not contain anything like as
many outstanding athletes as will a body of four thousand stu-
dents. The obvious consequence of this obvious fact is that for
intercollegiate games colleges fall into classes, more or less
clearly defined, and in making up schedules it is as grotesque and
unwise to go outside one's class as it is in pugilism to pit a
lightweight fighter against a heavyweight. The small college so
scheduled either serves the larger colleges merely as a scrub or
second string team for practice in preparation for games against
their real rivals, or arouses well grounded suspicions as to the
lessons of honesty, of good faith, and of fine sportsmanship it is
teaching its students.

12 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Realizing these facts our college is striving, in making its in-
tercollegiate schedules, to keep within its own class as to the
natural resources of athletic material. As a practical method of
determining class it has adopted a rule that it will schedule
games only with those colleges that are willing to contract for
games alternately at the two colleges concerned. Not only does
such a rule determine approximate classification, but it also keeps
up home interest and morale by providing an adequate home
schedule. This rule is not intended to preclude us, on occasion
from showing friendliness and courtesy to our neighbors, and so
in this year, on invitation from Brown University to play the
first football game in their new stadium, we have scheduled a
game with them.

I have written thus at some length on athletics in this report
because the subject is a vexed one and the matter is of grave

importance.

Vesper Services.

The following letter sent out to the central authority of
all religious organizations that could be reasonably expected to
respond actively is self-explanatory.

October 1, 1924.

For some time it has seemed evident to some of us that our
college community is not fulfilling its full duty toward itself or
toward the students among us in regard to the spiritual life of
the college community, considering the spiritual life without
reference to creed or sect. There exists in all the churches a com-
mon inheritance of religious thought and aspiration, a vital com-
munity of faith in the reality of the spiritual life and a need for
its cultivation. We think that, under existing conditions and
without compromising individual convictions, and, without intro-
ducing principles on which there are differences, this common
body of thought and feeling can be and should be made to take
hold of and permeate our community existence.

We have here a college community totalling some six or seven
hundred people of various religious faith. It is true that a very
large part of this community is able to go home on Sunday and
to have the opportunity of church ministrations at home. A large
part, on the other hand, remain here Sunday after Sunday and

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. . 13

are dependent on local church facilities. We feel strongly that
these local church facilities have not proved adequate for the
needs in question. We desire to take such measures as are pos-
sible to foster in larger degree and in wider scope the highest
ideals and aspirations of the human soul, We are concerned in.a
common effort of all the churches to quicken and foster spiritual
concepts common to all forms of religious thought vitalizing the
impulse of worship itself, raising man above the beast, and
binding him to the God of the universe. | |

Our present plan is to hold a series of vesper services at seven
o'clock on Sunday evenings during the college year, at which a
representative of each form of religious faith may, in turn, con-
duct a service and speak to a voluntary audience of students,
faculty and community the message that is in his heart. For suc-
cess it will require the best and finest talent that your organiza-
tion can furnish. This is necessary to draw and maintain the at-
tendance from Sunday to Sunday. Such is the general purpose.

With regard to concrete plans. We have corresponded with
authorities in all branches of the Church Universal and have re-
ceived encouragement to think that we can arrange a series of
meetings of the kind desired and, accordingly, we have arranged
dates for representatives of the various denominations that have
agreed to take part in the furtherance of our plan. At least eight
organizations through representative officials have undertaken
to aid us, and I have arranged a date for each in alphabetical
order. The hour we think should be seven o'clock in the evening
to secure the best attendance. If, however, any clergyman should
find it possible to be here in the afternoon, say at 3:30 or 4:00,
and cannot be present in the evening, we will try to arrange for
the afternoon hour. We will undertake to pay to each clergy-
man an honorarium of twenty-five dollars and expenses. We
recognize, of course, that this amount is by no means adequate
recognition of the service that such a man will render to our com-
munity, but we believe that both he and the church which he
regularly serves will be ready to make whatever sacrifice is re-
quired to meet a need of the kind that we have attempted to
present. The attendance will be entirely voluntary, but we be-
lieve that the community is deeply interested in the movement
and will be responsive.

14 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

It is, of course, frankly an experiment. If it succeeds, it will
be something definite accomplished. If it fails, we shall at any
rate have the consciousness that we have made a worthy effort.

The meeting will be from beginning to end in the hands of the
clergyman officiating. He may choose whatever hymns, songs or
readings he will, our only request being that nothing calculated
to arouse sectarian sensitiveness be introduced. It would be well,
too, if the hymns to be used should be communicated to us be-
forehand so that our pianist and singers may be prepared to use
them.

Very truly,

President.

The responses received have been most gratifying and have
shown a most encouraging spirit of unity in the common cause
of cherishing and strengthening religious thought and life among
us.

Under our plan ten organizations have entered into co-opera-
tion with us and on the first series of meetings the following
representatives of the corresponding organizations have partici- |
pated:

Oct. 19. Rev. George R. Baker, Associate Secretary, Board of
Education, Northern Baptist Convention, New
York City.

Oct. 26. Rev. David I. Quinn, Pastor St. Francis’ (Catholic)
Church, Wakefield, R. I.

Nov. 2. Rev. Harry T. Stock, Secretary, Congregational Edu-
cation Society, Boston, Mass.

Nov. 9. Rev. Malcolm Taylor, Executive Secretary, Protes-
tant Episcopal Church, Boston, Mass.

Nov. 16. Dr. R. D. Hollington, Pastor Mathewson Street
Methodist Episcopal Church, Providence, R. I. |

Nov. 23. Rev. Merchant S. Bush, Presbyterian University Pas-
tor for Greater Boston, Cambridge, Mass.

Dec. 7. Dr. Vivian T. Pomeroy, Pastor First (Unitarian)
Parish, Milton, Mass.

Dec. 14. Dr. John S. Lowe, General Superintendent, Universal-
ist General Convention, Boston, Mass.

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 15

Jan. 11. Dr. Paul E. Scherer, Pastor Lutheran Church of the
| Holy Trinity, New York City.
Jan. 25. Rabbi Herman H. Rubenovitz, Temple Mishkan Tefila,
Boston, Mass. i
The attendance on this series has averaged around one hun-
dred persons. We purpose beginning a new series on February 1.

Burning of the College Horse Barn.

On August 6 the college horse barn was burned, the loss being
(a) the building itself valued at $10,000, (b) tools and agricul-
tural machinery old and new stored therein, the value of which it
difficult to estimate but considered to be about $4200, (c) hay
stored, $800. The fire occurred about four o'clock in the after-
noon. How it originated has never been determined. It may
have been due to the heating of freshly stored hay or more prob-
ably it may have originated from some one’s lighted cigarette.
At that time of the summer vacation, there were very few per-
sons around the campus; the men and the horses were out on
the farm at work. When discovered by children the loft and the
hay therein were in full blaze.

The fire companies of Kingston, Peace Dale and Wakefield
were summoned and did excellent work, being able to save the
two ends projecting toward the south from thè front of the main
barn.. Our thanks to these organizations were duly expressed at
the time and record is here again made. It is good to note that
the college water supply was fairly adequate on this occasion.
The tower was full and the pumps set going kept up the supply
so that with two powerful fire engines throwing water on the
fire from the nearest main, the tower at the end of the fire was
still fully two-thirds full.

To house horses, automobiles, implements and the like, your
Board authorized an expenditure not to exceed $4000. Sheds
were built during the summer at an actual cost of $1,731.75,
which amount is included in the table of expenditures under the
head of (6) construction and repairs. If the five-year program
proposed last year is carried out, the present machine shop which
was formerly a barn will be vacated, and can be turned back
again into a horse barn. It has therefore been thought best not
to make at this time any further move to replace the fire loss.

16 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Atttendance for the Current Year.

The usual tables of attendance for the current year, with com-
parative figures for previous years, are herewith submitted. In
accordance with intention, as previously stated, the total attend-
ance has been restricted to practically the same number as that
of the previous year by limiting the size of the freshman class to
one hundred and sixty members. This was done in accordance
with the thought of your Board that no development beyond that
of the previous year should be permitted in the absence of a
definite authorization from the General Assembly in the form of
an appropriation.

ATTENDANCE.
TABLE No. 1.

Showing Attendance by Classes During the Years 1921—25.

CLASSES | 1020.21 102122 1922.23 1923-24 | 1924-25

Graduate students............... 4 E 4 3 ji
PPV % » 34 59 54 56 64
% w K 69 75 67 84 80
HODBOIOTOR, saaa 4150 0.08 E Ue Rcs 98 93 90 8T 134
Cl 134 138 150 208 159
IrregulaꝙuũUPUUU—U—PUNUnihũuh h. | 11 15 14 14 21

Total, college courses 350 384 379 | 452 465
b «9:05 anes ono 6 17 12 10 5

LLL? — ʃn — — — ——Z——— — —

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 17

i | | TABLE No. 2.

3 Showing Number of Men and Women, of New and Previous Matriculates, and
3 Number in the Several Courses by Classes for
Collegiate Year 1924—25.

Sex Date of Matrieulation
CLASS ; 7% E cdi
revious to
Men Women 1924 1924
4 3 1 6
51 13 63 1
65 15 80
108 26 132 2
137 22 5 154
20 1 18 UN
Bero 385 80 299 166
p 7 WO-year......... 9 ** 9 „„ 5 3 2
t Im 302 168
| | : > Gen. |Home| Bus.
pem
Total | | e! |
0 si| — =j me | —|b -—| e
. Bi 12 6 2 11 5 24 17 11 "P 64
= Hor ·‚G— ?[es25ds 555553333 9 5 12 13 39 27 11 — 80
Sophomore. . . 6| 17| 4 23 20 64 24 17 23 184
l E sum * AWA 2 6 — — — 86 21 18 28| 159
oo OTS ee ng n+ 3 Tak. — 1 X329 2 1 FR 14 21

EE

c E. E 86| 32| 11| 47 38|215| 90| 57 65| 470

18 | RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

HOME RESIDENCE OF STUDENTS.

A. "Resident outside of the State:

Connecticut: Harwieh Fenn 1
East Hartford ...2.2 ns 1 All! NEREA 2
Ahhh + stele aon 1 HolvoK6&. oues es vno visis pt sae 3
P ² A m fn 1 Hyde Fark rere N A
New Dondon «2.2252 ks45 5 4 Lans nne 2t TTE C
AMOFWISRDOUWN 6 sc esd sak esas 1 eee, . pre wae 1
cil ͤ „„ 2 W v xa NN 1
Saline 1 o 1
Wut MortfOr d. ůĩ ĩ ˙ ss sees os 1 %%% ß. 1

— erer ve X2 1
12 North Attleboree 2

Maine: Pymouth m NG Ts 1
TT... AA 1 Revere e ee 1
PIOREO AET eo da 1 % ͤͤ ²;m·˙ẽ 1

— . e's Wee sk ee ora 2
2 South Attleboro .....scsccses 1

Massachusetts: : Swampscott ......... vee cece 1
P)) 1 . ³ĩVQ¹⁰̃̃ · u ü. 3
South e dv 1 / A ˙¹ꝛw Ä 1
. x ch rp c6 EO CVT 1
% * ˙vUg Xa 1 b 3
BrvAUtvalle <5 sips A ku 3s 1 —
. xa Yeh 1 73
TTT ee a peeaneee ns 1 New Jersey:

LNMIBBUL Enean 46 y 9» s 2 TASA IA IT aub boe nett 1
Bast Branirée 221a nh 1 New York:

% 4. ern 1 New|Boshelle ......... s d
—. ͤ % 1 Pennsyvlania: iow

Fal BEVEF sorrento ewe vo 6 „„ LP In 2

Total attendance from without the 8tate................ eee 91

B. Resident in Rhode Island by Counties and Towns:

Bristol: Newport:

Barrington. orite peene 5 A W ·ĩ·¶ 3
PPTP! ͤ KA 2 Little Compton 6
N raos 9X ok RIA nini «8 1 nnn aes UNT e 3
— Newport ........ ee 32

8 „ ca ece dae ME eee

Kent: —
%% A -w TT 3 47
Hast renne 4 Providence:

NWEuPWISE ↄ ꝛ—ͤ—õ— ! «mn ves tv s 10 e dridi hpi A 8
— Central Palle oes 0443 ines 8

17 G ˙ TT 29

—

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 19

East Providence ............. 11 Washington:
00 0 755 UT DGERTTTETLTTTTTERIETTT 2 haet „» 2
h ̃˙ eK 40 N 1 Hopkinton iain cics Obs ks ve ewan 2
2000 OST EESTERETSRTENTEILCIIIT 5 North Kingstown ........... 9
North Providenee ........... 5 Richmond ................... 1
r 28 South Kingstown n Des WV 21
OO MESI OCC EERTTEETIERTIELIT 138 Westerbr sucses amaisa ves % 21
W ER eite c 2 Nara met eA 1
Woonsocket ....... SES «animes 13 —
— 57
250
Zotalattendanee from within the State 379

Entrance Statistics for Class Registering in 1924.

Number received BOE NUR ö rtcinodv EDEN ERS ETE OER & 150
Number re-classified and repeating worrnnnn kk. 5
Number received by examination aqux aS MARET 2
Number transferred from other eolleges......... cesse 2

Total enrolled in freshman class............. bit hs eee wee T 159

Analysis of high school students with regard to number of units credited:

Number credited with fifteen or more units.. „60 129
Number credited with fourteen and a half units. 6
Number credited with fourteen units 14
Number eredited with thirteen units...... eve sadi das EAR ER ERSEAR 1

20050 os wWvrRCTYWRICTTTTTRTIZIETSICUCRSETITTETCISTOITICVOVITO 117771 150

Number entering with conditions in required subjects as follows:

e aP - cs , bebe 066 bo ew eakean 21
, ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 30
One and one-half units condition.............. (— SS doe EE ES 6
r ᷑oœ Mme e 15
err enrolled with conditions „„ 72
Total number enrolled without conditions VVV 78
,, ̃ͤ III.... ˙ — „„ „ ble 150

Average age of men and women Oct. 1, 1924. 18 years, 8 months, 28 days
Age of youngest member of class, Oct. 1, 1924.16 years, 5 months, 11 days
Age of oldest member of elass, Oct. 1, 1924...26 years, 11 months, 5 days

90 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Preparatory Schools Represented in Registration of Freshman

Class.

In Rhode Island: In Massachusetts: |
Barrington High ............ 1 Attleboro Hih g 1
Bristol— Colt Memorial ...... 1 Braintree Higqggngn seas 1
irn 3 Broekton Hen 555 14
Central Falls High........... 3 Chatham Hi s Dra 1
b 8 Chicopee Hh ddie TENS 2
East Greenwich Academy..... 2 Cushing Academy Ashburnham, 1
East Providene 6 Dean Academy, Franklin..... 1
Newport—Rogers High ...... 14 Drury High, North Adams.... 1
North Kingstown High....... 2 Fatthüven. High «ssis caine as 1
Pawtucket H sss 7 Fall River:

Providence: B. M. C. Durfee High....... 3
FR 251 es dk tu a 2 Holoko HIRD [ 2
Commereial High .......... 1 Hyde Park Hie hdd 2
Hope Street’. 225222212. 4 Lawrence Academy .......... 1
Technaéal «5.0 2 neces 0.04 ches 31 Woh I
LaSalle Aeademy. ......... 1 Middleboro High ............ 2
St. Franeis Xavier......... 1 Mt. Hermon Aeademy........ 1

South Kingstown High....... 7 New Bedford High........... 1

AVEBBEOTIS (SIG Asc axe ev dss 8 North Attleboro High........ 2

West Warwick High......... 2 Swampscott High ........... 1

Woonsecket Highgg 3 Webster, Bartlett High..... 3

* * | | — Whitman A ˙Ü ß 1
107 | —

In Connecticut: 48
Parmmgton High 1 Nova Seotia:

Stonington High ............ 1 Picton Academy ............. 1

West Hartford High.......... 1 Scotland, Glasgow:

; — Allen Glen H 1
3 —

In Maine: Grand e vex Ex v 159
Biddeford High .........5... 1
Mattanaweook Academy ..... 1

2
Finances.

I am here incorporating the communication sent to the State
Treasurer December 15 last, as required by law. It includes (a)
a statement of financial needs for the year 1925, together with
(b) a table of receipts and expenditures for the last three years

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 91

ranged under the usual headings. Beside these there is ranged
under the same headings an estimate of receipts and expendi-
tures for the year from December 1, 1924 to December 1, 1925.

To the State Treasurer:

In compliance with the requirement that institutions and de-
partments of the State shall, on or before the fifteenth of Decem-
ber, transmit to your office a statement of their financial needs
both current and special for the ensuing year, I am authorized
and instructed by the Board of Managers of Rhode Island State
College. to state that the college will need from the State for
the year 1925 the following:

l. For maintenance, December 1, 1924 to Decem-
ber 1, 1925, (See Item No. 4 in statement
BEENDEN LL uos arare ama ei da 4 oe Baap Re Nees $126,700 00

2. For special purposes as follows:

1. Aid for experiment station..... $3,600 00
2. Replacement of agricultural ma-

„ „„ 2.000 00
3. Repairs, including renewal of

electric light lines 4,400 00
4. Replacement of coal reserve

re 7,000 00
— 17,000 00

3. In 1924 a request was made for an appropriation for an
engineering building to cost $200,000, one-half of amount to be
available in 1924 and one-half in 1925. This request was em-
bodied in a resolution H 860 and referred to the House Finance
Committee. It was reported, as H 860 Substitute A, being a
measure to submit to the people a bond issue for a five year
building program at the college. This passed the House and was
reported to the Senate. The measure, on account of its compre-
hensiveness, was entirely acceptable to the Board of Managers,
although it did delay the beginning of an urgently needed build-
ing for a year. The Board does not desire to relinquish the
bond-issue proposal; yet, as it could not be carried to the people
for two years, and as the need for the engineering building is in-
creasingly pressing, it is hoped that the General Assembly will
find a way in connection with the bond-issue proposal to enable
the college to begin building this year,

4. The Board desires to call attention to the deficit in the
‘account of the year 1924, amounting to $100,249.22 and repre-
sented by bills now in the office of the State Auditor awaiting
payment.

22

RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

I am enclosing herewith detailed statement of maintenance re-
ceipts and expenditures for 1924, together with detailed estimates
under the same headings for the year from December 1, 1924 to
December 1, 1925.

Very respectfully submitted,
HOWARD EDWARDS,
President.

ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES INCLUDED IN FOREGOING
STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES.

11 Months
1922 1923 1924 1925

1. Advertising ........ $346 50 $223 00 $138 00 $400 00
2. Apparat ......... 2,901 29 820 36 2,190 01 1,800 00
3. Auto & Stable Sup... 1,375 71 728 23 609 18 1,000 00
4. Books & Periodicals. 1,647 46 726 46 1,103 48 1,200 00
5. Commencement 1,266 63 1,181 28 1,096 85 1,200 00
6. Constr. & Repairs... 6,016 66 5,985 44 12,237 40 6,000 00
7. Eleetrieity ......... 2,088 27 1,867 26 2,251 99 2,500 00
8. Entertainment ..... 807 42 768 16 872 26 900 00
9. Exp. Station Aid... 3,343 25 3,371 84 3,820 51 3,400 00
10. Extension Offset ... 1,554 41 2,339 91 989 64 1,500 00
H. Weed. .2004.... 4,628 97 4,153 66 5,476 50 5, 700 00
19. Fertilizer ..... iris a 730 95 1,183 45 635 49 1,000 00
13. Freight & Express.. 1,287 93 936 51 1,027 72 1,200 00
I CEN D eres Ser 18,820 96. 25,727 31 13,216 68 20,000 00
15. Furniture 1,021 97 209 11 772 72 400 00
16. Gasoline & Oil...... 2,058 47 1,673 53 1,844 02 2,000 00
17. Janitor Supplies .... 536 56 425 57 598 11 600 00
HP ERDE cia ona ees 27,094 78 27,807 14 33,006 77 33,500 00
19. Lab. Supplies ...... 4,690 14 5,221 27 6,292 82 6,500 00
20. Live SE. i... ass: 1,309 25
21. Post., Sta. & Print. 3,578 47 3,397 14 2,987 38 3,000 00
M COME K LITT 41 986 85 1,552 46 500 00
VVV 3,628 18 3,418 09 4,453 80 4,500 00
24 en 102,177 53 100,542 35 112,457 29 122,500 00
„ on fh i a 652 15 330 51 358 20 500 00
26. Telephone & Tele... 1,258 05 787 32 738 58 900 00
27. Tools & Machinery.. 382 57 484 05 387 76 500 00
„ 3,175 62 2,235 47 2,102 97 3,000 00
29. Veterans Bureau... 532 75
30. Miscellaneous ...... 2,297 50 2,529 95 306614 3,000 00

$199,995 58 $201,370 47 $216,817 48 $229,200 00

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. | 93

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT—MAINTENANCE FUNDS

of Rhode Island State College (showing income and expenditures for the
year 1922, for January to November inelusive of 1923—eleven
months; for twelve months, December 1923 to November
1924 inclusive; and estimate of income and expenses
for December 1924 to November 1925 inelusive).

11 Months Estimated
INCOME 1922 1923 1924 1925
1. Morrill Fund 1862.... $2,500 00 $2,500 00 $2,500 00 $2,500 00
2. Morrill Fund 1890 Bal.
Brought Forward..... 25,040 73 19,587 24 13,876 57 27,300 00
. 50,000 00 50,000 00 50,000 00 50,000 00
3. Current Fund.
Bal. Brought For-
OUO UNT Tm 51 43 63 19
Receipts during
A 42,053 85 45,013 28 50,692 52 50,000 00
4. State Appropriation.. 100,000 00 98,083 33 26,750 00 126,700 00
Total Income ..... $219,646 01 $215,247 04 $143,819 09 $256,500 00
EXPENDITURES
Total Expenditures ... 199,995 58 201,370 47 216,817 48 229 200 00

(For analysis under
headings see State-
ment following)

Balance (carried for-

ward to succeeding ä—— ——— ——
o 0 aC $19,650 43 $13,876 57 $72,998 39 Dr.$27,300 00

(For 1924, Morrill Fund
debit, being amount that
` should be carried forward
to year 1928))))) 27,250 83 Dr.

(Total Deficit, represented
by bills now in Auditor’s
office awaiting payment) .$100,249 22Dr.

Note: The measures carrying appropriations for the College in 1924 were:
: General Appropriation bill. $115,500 00
Special; House Resolution No. 859 Substitute A. 14,000 00

These passed the House and were reported to
e. eee e e UY ' $129,500 00

94 ! RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

The amounts ineluded in the foregoing state-
ment as ehargeable to the State Treasury are:
Bills paid Dee. 1923 to Feb. 1924
F CC $26,750 00
Bills pending in Auditor’s office.. 100,249 22
126,999 22

WI Gur v WawmAA ry o nh OOF Oe $2,500 78

(a) Maintenance Asked for.

It will be noted that the amount from the State deemed neces-
sary for maintenance for the current year is $126,700. This in-
crease of approximately $10,000 over the amount deemed neces-
sary last year, or $12,000 over the amount carried in the appro-
priation bill which passed the house last year is due mainly to
increases in the estimate on labor ($3500), on salaries ($6700)
and on laboratory supplies ($1500). The actual cost last year of
labor and laboratory supplies was approximately these amounts
over the estimates for that year on these items. The increase for
salaries 1s necessary to carry on the salary scale agreed upon a
year ago and put into operation last September.

(b) Special Appropriation Requested.

The items covered in the special appropriation asked for this
year are:

D «Experiment station Mss ² AAA ͤ ß?! $3,600 00
2. Replacement of agricultural machinery......... 2,000 00
3. Major repairs including the general reconstruc-
tion Gf electric. Beht lines.4 eno re rn 4,400 00
4. Replacement of surplus coal usually carried over
p, I DI C C RC ͤ ? /,000 00

It should be explained that the experiment station aid is great-
ly needed. For want of it, we have found it necessary to curtail
the regular work of the vital department of chemistry.

The loss of agricultural machinery in the barn fire has brought
about the request for the sum of $2,000 for new machinery.

The electric light lines all over the college grounds and farm
have long been in need of thorough overhauling and replace-
ment. Hence the request for that item.

. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 95

For several years we have carried over into the following
year a considerable supply of coal. When the stringency of 1924
came upon us it seemed best to use up our supply on hand and
to buy from month to month as it became necessary. Hence we
are entering on a new year without our usual supply on hand.
We are asking for $7,000, the difference between our usual ex-
penditure during the year and the actual expenditure of 1924, to
replace the stock that we usually carry over.

(c) The Five-Year Building Program.

By reference to the report for 1924, it will be seen that your
Board asked for a $200,000 appropriation for the construction of
an engineering building. On that request, the House Finance
Committee requested that we submit a building program and
proposed a referendum for a bond issue to carry out the program.

The building program consisted of the following items:

meer encinecring building. $200,000
2. Furnishing apparatus and equipment for the same 45,000
END and auditorium. .......e uer rn m ne 140,000
EC em and drill hallnn 100,000
de power plant 10,000
6. Remodeling Lippitt Hall for department offices
, v. n kon be we were eld ad e e's 30,000
rr / 5,000
rr!“ CC etd oisi n MATO BIN $600,000

This measure, like others, was not acted on.

We are loath to give up the referendum idea, and yet we have
already foregone for a year the beginning of the erection of a
much-needed building. To defer such beginning for a referen-
dum which cannot be taken before two years from now 1s to put
off for three or four years the entering upon a program recog-
nized as imperative last year. It is earnestly desired that some
means may be devised to allow of a beginning on the engineer-
ing building this year, providing at the same time for a bond
issue from the proceeds of which the state treasury may be re-
imbursed for the building outlay incurred. Argument for this
need will not be repeated here. They were elaborated in the 1924
report to which reference is made.

96 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Visit of the General Assembly.

On February 20, 1924, the General Assembly, having accepted

the invitation of the college to do so, came as a body on a visit of
inspection. Notwithstanding that the weather was as bad as it
could be, a large majority of the members did us the honor to
come and many who had never been here before gained some
idea of the size and work of the institution. The needs of the
college and its future possibilities for forwarding the interests
of the body politic were earnestly presented and the impression
produced seemed to be highly favorable. Speeches from the
leaders of both political parties pledged cordial support for the

institution. Undoubtedly had not the political impasse of the

year intervened, these promises would have been carried into
effect and our program would now be in progress of realization.
It is earnestly hoped that these good impressions will carry over
into the present session, and we shall obtain the fruitage of the
seed then sown.

Changes in Personnel.

The following resignations have been offered and accepted
during the year:
1. Dr. Paul S. Burgess, from the position of chemist of the
experiment station.
2. Mr. Robert L. Jones, from the position of assistant in
chemistry in the experiment station,

3. Dr. George B. Viles, from the professorship of modern

languages.
4. Mr. W. S. McGuire, from an instructorship in chemistry.
5, Mr. Ralph P. Tittsler, from an instructorship in bacte-
riology, :

Positions 1 and 2 have not been filled. Position 3 was filled by
the appointment of Professor Frank B. Mitchell of the U. S.
Naval Academy where he had been an instructor in modern lan-
guages since 1921. Professor Mitchell is an A. B. (1914) of Bos-
ton University. He was then an instructor in Lawrence Acade-
my. During the war he was for twenty months an interpreter
and member of the First Army Intelligence Corps in France and
subsequently in Germany. From 1919 to 1921 he was an instruc-

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 27

tor in the University of Vermont and in 1921 he went to the
U. S. Naval Academy. He has done graduate work for three
years at Johns Hopkins University.

Position 4 was filled by the appointment of Cecil L. Brown.
He is a B.Sc. graduate of the University of North Dakota, and an
A.M. of the University of Missouri. He has had three years of
experience in high-school teaching.

Position 5 was filled by the appointment of Mr. Herman E.
| Segelin. He is a B.S. graduate of the Michigan Agricultural Col-
E lege, 1922, and has had some experience in teaching.

Promotions.

E-- During the year Professor John Barlow who, for some twenty
years has had the department of zoology, was made Dean of the
courses in General Science.
Miss Helen E. Peck was advanced from the position of Assis-
tant Professor to that of full Professor of English Literature.

FS
m us DCN.

Commencement.

E In spite of many prophecies of evil due to the financial situa-
un tion, the commencement was held at the appointed time in due
| and full form. The graduating class numbered fifty-two. The
— advanced degree of Master of Science was conferred on Mr.
Robert L. Jones, B.S., 1921, Massachusetts Agricultural College.

The baccalaureate address on Commencement Sunday was
made by the writer, the subject being The Pursuit of Happiness.
The main address on Commencement Day was given by Presi-
dent William Mather Lewis of George Washington University,
Washington, D. C.

Scholarships and Awards.

Me gratefully acknowledge the continued interest of the State
Federation of Women's Clubs in the award of two scholarships
of fifty dollars each, the recipients being Miss Mary Hoxsie Han-
son of Peace Dale and Miss Hazel May Kimber of Kenyon. Our
thanks are also due to the Triangle Club of Kingston for their
| _ scholarship of fifty dollars awarded to Miss Constance Katharine
Knobelsdorff of Newport. These scholarships are open to stu-
dents i in the home economics course only.

9g | RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

The award for the highest grade in agriculture for the year was
given to Mr. Noel Vernon White Smith, and for the highest
grade in home economics for the year to Katharine Bowen
Whaley. These awards are offered by the Rhode Island State
Grange and to that organization we wish again to express our
deep appreciation.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

HOWARD EDWARDS,

President.
January 15, 1925.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 29

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

R. S. BURLINGAME, Treasurer, in account with the different funds of RHODE
h 1 ISLAND STATE COLLEGE, for the year ending November 30, L—

8 FUND OF 1890 AND NELSON ACT or 1907.

E^ |
1 To Balance on hand............. EV. tn Bo saset: — 029,000 00

E 4 2 U. S. Warrant fot. year ending June 30, 1928. .... 50,000 00

NE metion ...... een ... $50,491 68
Balance on hand.................. 29,108 32

$79,600 00 — $79,600 00

MORRILL FUND OF 1862.
ec. 1 To cash from landscrip fund sees .. $8,500 00

E 1 By instruction eee $2,500 00

$2,500 00 2,500 00
“a - SMTTH-LEVER FUND or 1914.
| * To SS ee · AAA er ee $969 81

5 a z

a m

U. S. Warrant (second installment for year end- fi |
ms Jule-30. 1024) .... Lecco pn ttr Ec m 0,799 41

ug. 7 U. S. Warrant (first installment for year begin-
m 11, 190) „n 5,799 41

1 By communication service. TEET $18 80

BEEN DE oianak 105 77

ions Hande 227 50

500 0070 PESRURE SR STETLSTIDLEE DITS T 9,417 85

ö ĩ AA DO pia a 155 03

c e 1,530 50

on hand " 1,113 18

P^, $12,568 63 $12,568 63

20 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

STATE—MAINTENANCE FUND.

1924.
Jan. 1 To 3/12 amount appropriated for previous year end-
ino’ November 30, 190 $26,750 00
Dee. % Lopi ick v viue AAD we as $499 15
PEO SOPVIEÉ ͤ Ä 24 58
Books and periodieals............ 328 31
Construetion and repairs.......... 1,504 33
Experiment Station—Aid ......... 262 45
Extension — Offset............... 8 75
K NU T ITET AT CP ENTE 884 93
A arilo uuo bau V n Ee 635 49
717! 8 j 198 54
—....,,.,,, ²ᷣ —..ß ˙— ͤÜD— 198 22
E GHG UH ..u4s ddr rn 255 53
Gasoline and oil (truek).......... 101 38
Janitors’ supplies 153 50
Labor (janitor, farm, ete)........ 5,218 04
Laboratory supplies ............. 963 04
Postage, stationery and printing... 132 86
BORD. veocqixss NRA Aa Ow eae AMA 250 00
nnn 14,713 77
D A RTCETTITTOECITCTRTCISR ITI 12 75
pie 55 75
Tools and machinery............. 53 59
V ˙ꝛꝛ».˙ e 250 79
Reents 44 25 |
— .˖— —— |
$26,750 00 $26,750 00 |
1924,
Jan. 1 To additional expenditures incurred for maintenance
// iL «Soy dr Ex $88,750 00
Dee. 1 By Auto service........ IST EM re ete es $420 62
Commencement .................. 700 00
Construction and repairs.......... 189 43
Extension — Offset. 521 04
„„ E ees iE A 3,810 73
„„ ee ae ere ee ee eae 11,838 17
Janitors’ supplies 299 90
rene 17,910 71
Laboratory supp lis 3,813 08
Oil and gas oline 361 80
Oil and gasoline (true)) : 987 41

Postage, stationery and printing... 1,510 81
Bom T 6s ͤ 335 I 270 00

REPORT OF THE TREASURER,

OL. re Se n 43,980 55
!öö·ẽ?³⁵ð⁵ . T T 198 70
le 31 00
Tools and machinery.............. | 197 80
E. ’!⸗²ůĩ⅛˙¹LÄ ͤ— m 847 20
P. // ore ror ron 861 05

$88,750 00

STATE—fSPECIAL.

Jam. 1 Po amount passed by the House of Representatives
A and approved by the Senate Finance Committee

in January session 1924............. ene
jec. 1 By Construction and repairs.......... $6,533 03
2: ͤ ² ˙ O . 164 50
00 o CTS ask AA rr 411 80
/ A 1,491 75
Experiment Station Aid cues ABT E
Umexpended balance ............. 2,500 78
$14,000 00

CURRENT FUND.
/
rere
%% „„ „„ „„ „„ „„
// A0 ·˙irͥw rada
/// ĩ ² —ĩĩĩ eri wm rA
c ĩ %% ͤ Y WADE RRS
hs ee eee eee ee TS —
bbb
T Por lll!ll n ttr Karnes
,
r u—A—A NR PT
r .
% 066% 5 6000 8 cee ee wes
Overdraft ..... F $15, 723 43
Advertising in „ 5 138 00
r CIT 199 11
Au D is) 5 bln ardrne Ka h ae 59 03
610 67
396 85
4,010 01

"1

31

$88,750 00

$14,000 00

$14,000 00

$2,000 00
1,465 14
19,441 51
4,719 98
7,915 68
5,723 20
3,962 50
875 75
4,010 71
1,423 30
261 80
1,392 95
1,876 10

39 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Eleetrie eurrent furnished......... 2,251 99
Entértaiament ..... o rt 869 51
Experiment Station—Aid..... 1 a td 660 52
Extension — Offset............... 478 46
P T ETT T TT T ETTTTEITCITITTT 780 84
Freight and express 1,027 72
, ORES CSRS 1,179 97
„„ eee ee Fab v a» 162 70
danilors" supplies 144 71
Labor (janitor, farm, ete.)........ 3,172 92
Labor: (tudent) A 3b 6,705 10
Laboratory supplies .............. 1,516 70
Oil and gasoline. 454... omes TT? 13 00
Oil and gasoline (truek)........... 124 90
Postage, stationery and printing... 1,343 71
Ww dence ˙ mmm wee Oa HG 1,552 46
Rental of dormitories............. 3,808 80
— AT Y. PT 125 00
P 771 29
Chr; XS UL LEER. 146 75
R eae Sls uns 18 20
Telephone and telegraph.......... 798 58
Tools! and maehmery........4.2s5 136 37
CCC) (W ex T 740 38
Veteran Benn ns 797 35
Miscellaneous i e AN AD Va 2,163 59
Reserve Fund ..... See SCKN VS 2,000 00

$54,568 62 $54,568 62

TRUST FUND.

1923.
Dee.’ 7sso To Babes on Dead: iss. s 5205555 ew ele $10,452 44
Boarding eee, LIESS, 84,871 42
X: Dairy—advanced registry ................... 3,291 38
* nne, ʃiiĩĩĩzĩʒĩʒʒ TUO S 9,700 21
1924.
Des 1 Bp , 0I $87,506 77
Dairy—advanced registry ........ 2,206 68
ODORE TIT RARE OTI T I. 9,890 16
Balance on hand........... PUTET 8,711 84

$108,315 45 $108,315 45

| ICM v.
*

» A
TN E m^
we Vor
A ww A
April |
- Ji. 114
d y ae T
di
À o —
AUX., 7
- eme o N g
ut ym M Pr `
— a 2
Face Y f.
1979 EG y
1 ë æm

—
- hand

E —

.

a
ua M

By

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

HaATOH FUND—EXPERIMENT STATION.

U. S. Check for quarter............
U: 8. Check for quarter
U. S. Check for quarter........ iau
EE Check for quarter.

Building and land............. ond
Communication service
Feeding stuffs
Fertilizers
Furniture

„ „ „„ „% „ „„ „ „ „ „
* * * 9* à s» * 9? à à * à * ^ "9 9" e
ae 2 «^00 Q'«q« m'« & BMS b 9 $0.9: » 9 9^9

(€ 9 q Ge 2 p 6 4^. 9? »P'é" M 94 $4 4:9 9 4 WA

Labor
Library
Publieations
Salaries
Seientifie supplies
Stationery and office supplies......
Sundry supplies
Tools and machinery............ on
‘Transportation
Traveling
Contingent expenses
naues OF handel...

se 9 „ „ „„ „% „ „4 *

eee ee

"$185 90
48 07
518 89
1,089 58
6 15
404 48
4,869 23
210 73
284 55
5,968 95
5 32

83 79
346 30
124 31
317 75
110 72
53 88
707 78

$15,336 38

ADAMS FUND—EXPERIMENT STATION.

/ ˙ ·¹iꝛꝗà wu. ei hood emat
U. ea ðͤ he
ter quarter.
e guarte r
J nr ***
an 875 68
Communication serviee ....... TT 1 08
Feeding stuffs ......... „ .. 12,998 06
rh 50 00
Heat, light, water and power 778 10
oc ͤĩ ˙ͤ m ͤ·N . 2,101 06
| ST TET Ter ere TRITT 12 00

33

$336 38

3,750 00
3,750 00
3,750 00
3,750 00

$15,336 38

$157 57

3,750 00
3,750 00
3,750 00
3,750 00

34 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Live stóeK ........ PT ae ue spa GAL 67 50
oe dinde re rere eee ere .. 10,430 56
Scientific equipment .............. 90
Scientific supplies 54 83
Stationery and office supplies...... 18 50
Sander supplies ......2 av Wee G 97 62
Tools and machinery.............. 26 82
R o dw ry vw. 31 43
Balaméee OF dank. 13 43
$15,157 57 $15,157 57
MISCELLANEOUS FUND—EXPERIMENT STATION.
1923. |

Des, 1 To Bahue on band.. oid $1725 62
DMA 7,145 42
Depurbnont. erte „„ Hat UN. 217 90
CJ cae bese 6 stert · DERE 52 62

1924.

Dee: 1. By “Balding and Hd... 1... $154 42
Communication service ........... 20 62
// ĩ Q K 364 00
C/ ˙ ĩͤ NTRS ERS 4 83
Heat, light, water and power 144 06
eee r 2,688 08
ACID MISSED LR Hk Re KS re UU Sm 37 29
o o (rick rA EY x MER 49 00
BAIATIOM MP TTE TTN TETT 3,789 80
Seientille supplles 44 82
Mundry DODDOS zeniran ona non 106 57
Stationery and office supplies...... 18 20
Tools and machinery.............. 160 29
FrapsportatioNR ˙ om uos 93 75
JJJJVVVVVVVVĩĩ so rer oda 123 87
Contingent expenses 27 65
BMalanes on hand ..-oeoo pt nx 1,314 31

$9,141 56 $9,141 56
STATE FEEDING STUFF INSPECTION—EXPERIMENT STATION.
1923.
Dee 1 To Fats Appropriation., <u. iie e — $1300 00
1924.

Dee. 1 By Communication service............ $1 06
Ban b ere ee re Ce Par 1,046 43
Publieationuhnsssss 125 58

REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 35

Stationery and office supplies...... 5 00

%%% 23 73
ST Se Cae EY RAA 93 20
Contingent expenses 5 00

$1,300 00 61,300 00
STATE FERTILIZER CONTROL—EXPERIMENT STATION.

æ *
1923
j " 24
LI 1499 £u .

Ei To Fertilizer Fees..... VV re eae $3,376 00

Dee. " By Communication service. $22 82

Heat, light, water and power...... 190 80
BEEN VAL V Ve erant erra 2,806 61
Scientific apparatus .............. - IIS 84
Scientific supplies 75 02
Stationery and office supplies...... 17 00
a a A ˙ . ́x;ꝑ· ͤ— A 20 53
c! ˖ĩ ˙²˙ ˙— A mm mei 124 35
Contingent expenses 5 00
bb 03

$3,376 00 633,376 00

EXPERIMENT STATION Aw. |
(Ineluded in Current and State Maintenanee Funds.)

T By Feeding stuffs...... AA gie ES UP $68 96

Heat, light, water and power...... 269 61
0 . cose PESE rPE TU 311 10
200 504 T1323 1T 131 35
00 URSUS fii 4:44 AA 854 00
i Tere 1 hee 2,141 49
reh 44 00

53,820 51

ER.

le: eby eertify that the above is eorreet and true, and truly represents

he details of expenditures for the period and by the institution named.

R. S. BURLINGAME,
Treasurer.

his is to certify that we, the undersigned, auditing committee of the
arc 1 o f f Managers of Rhode Island State College, have examined the ac-
ts of R. S. Burlingame, Treasurer of the said college, and find the same

THOS. G. MATHEWSON,
CHARLES ESTES,

1
B

Auditors.

26 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

SUMMARY, EXCLUSIVE OF EXPERIMENT STATION.

Total income, including balances:
United States—1890 ................. $79,600 00

United Bistes—1800 ..' wee cin se ttr 2,500 00
United States—1914 ................. 12,568 63
————— $94,008 03
State:
Maintenanee appropriation asked for..$115,500 00
Special appropriation asked for........ 14,000 00
——————— $129,500 00
Institution:
„ coc Pe cee VEI iT V TEE Vx $52,692 52
„„ 108,315 45
— — —— $161,007 97
$385,176 60
Total expenditures: ;
United States—1890 ) $50,491 68
United States—1862 ................. 2,500 00
United Stats ...... eoo r2 11,455 45
— $64,447 13
State:
ODDO. DU TIT ET $115,500 00
r ³˙ A 11,499 22
— — $126,999 22
Institution:
G ‚‚‚f‚ ẽ mumgauê— ͥ ͥ ͥ ͥ Rak pawn sabe . XA $54,568 62
All!“! EERDER TEREN 99,603 61
$154,172 23
$345,618 58
Balanes G ↄ ĩ ˙ ² 95.6 6 artcen 58h a ETENEE EERE ITE $39,558 02

$885,176 60

Balance held as follows:

Morrill Fund—1899ͥu⸗9yh99 PET $29,108 32
Honti- korat Fuia . a e em 1,113 18
Bpeelul KEund . sa 2,500 78
. ⏑ é. ... — ˙²ꝛAiA ⅛ aa aan eens 8,711 84
Curronp ne Ub) eene ren ar 1,876 10

$39,558 02

REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 37

aries Dealing with Certain Phases of Receipts and
Expenditures for the Year Ending June 30, 1924.

SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR.

Balance on hand July 1, 192333333 .... $74,509 47
Total income during yveaa n. 272,945 52

„b e ci ud $347,454 99

Total ex r eiui orent Rind aden se 397,787 62
3 Debit Eos hand July 1, 1924 $50,332 63
INCOME.
Ine on e from students:
Tuiti ion eee 35 HELD ERS eI es $3,465 00
Matrien ation and incidental fees. 4,685 35
ieals and laboratory supplies e. 5,734 61
Dor n tory ſſCoörr ²˙²ð .iüu ²ĩ˙ ²*V 8,063 36
„ eG ee e RET THERES 80,828 71
V . 10,718 85 >
$113,495 88
| co 1 EP from State and Nation:
— Maintenance C ee p tpe ms $26,750 00 $26,750 00
* —Morril Act of 1890 and Nelson Act of
/ ̃ ˙ ˙²».ü. ⅛ ekxwek Hie VRE $50,000 00
eee se. 2,500 00

Hatch Aet of 1887— Experiment Station. 15,000 00
Adams Act of 1906— Experiment Station 15,000 00
Smith-Lever Act of 1914— Extension. . 11,598 82

$94,098 82
$30,455 30
nteres! 566 64
xperiment Station:
lepartment sales and service......... $7,491 99
st 99 552% %% „%% „„ „ „% „% „„ „%%% „%% %%% „„ „„ er 86 89 ^
$7,578 88
$38,600 82

"Total income Ld Gat, ie Stee $272,945 52

38 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Receipts from tuition:

Students taking course of one year or more | 462
Students paying tuition (non-resident in Rhode Island) at
ͤ ͤ K 75
Amount of tuition pai lk ois. FCC $3,465 00
EXPENDITURES. |
Expenditures, exelusive of Experiment Station and Extension Serviee:
nn eontra nen 52,501 79
Advertising in publications vesc - 228-00
2 ͤ emm a Ie creme a ie 1,306 74
tT llo lId4dG i ͤ n e e D 95 29
e , EIS LO wae et 87,973 54
Hooks &nd DOFOdIOSlM. 6 ee 6s ez erint omes 922 61
F ˙ ua eo hr 7— ˙²¹⁊cv.t Oke OS 1,354 00
COMSITUCTION ANG PODAT ises ccs eets theca cuts ees 8,681 63
Construction and repairs, special................. 32,146 63
Dormitory aud land rental nessa 4,422 55
Electric current furnished outside college......... 1,872 54
Enterisinment Fo oon dees oe lgerycaees HEM HNE RSE 1,025 17
Ses c tS VOR i 6a keane E ACE SR seed eoee 5,148 44
rr! 5 W e ee eee 635 49
r ARNE aes 1,281 57
e 14252574 17,329 20
E: ] ⅛ , ̃ĩ⅛ ͤ L ðͤ ß E A O ˙ ˙o Bow os 559 38
eh,, aa v9.82 6 de asa epis s d 1,788 28
V —ͥ4-iti ARMp ů D aww Hn 501 11
Labor (engineers, poultrymen, farm, ete. ) 25,357 45
Labor (undergraduate exclusive of boarding) 6,685 25
Laboratory supplies HER see. 0,068 53
e 1,309 25
Postage, stationery and printing. 2,265 27
Bofunds 7... stre. ORE RE RA T€ RA KU Na daa 1,499 99
CUIUS BLUTSORiT SC EY TEIXEL YEECELETELISTEU UTR E E 111,110 29
%%% ͤðL»œ˖;ͥt äE T Ä u : 283 73
ORDIN BUGIS 65:6 4 0004 6 Ok wa whe tee ARN eRe ees 393 97
vp] e d OP ae ree ee E T er ene a 9,802 78
Telephone. and telegrapß̃ . 820 01
Tools and machinery...... (ek Deke AER: 378 eee bee EON 306 57
ERO Ä CERE Fare OE E aH 2,482 05
Rico. Woo. MMPIMCPP--—-————EVPP 797 35
BETROOLUAUCOUN 24i.» Wh Vio Rr sti ons 4 ETE T 3,111 57
| $341,568 02
Expenditures, Experiment Station 43,115 50
Expenditures, Extension ern. 13,104 10

Total expeüditurB ines bis b rss AEXRLRNERRESOERASS Oe $397,787 62

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

ANALYSIS OF BALANCE, JULY 1.

E. 1923
orrill : und of dou ES a T E TETERT ETTE T
E. 0 0 05 ² ˙
mnith-Leve; Fold. — Extension Bv tur mM rr

h wean Experimen TTT. ͤ ASA A....
END m — araa SE ETRAS

— $22, 998 93

tate - 22,846 63
| tate 6 — - Practice House. . 1 9,300 00

ES s is elne HM OE
GOTTEN ee ee E T que 1,453 02

Miscellaneous — Experiment Station. 2,604 52
| eve Pond . esee ne quiin Pru 2,000 00

$74,509 47

è b

3,411 92Dr.
4,629 89Dr.
155 17

2,000 00

$50,332 63

THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
DIRECTOR OF THE AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATION.*

PRESIDENT Howard EDWARDS,
Rhode Island State College.

DEAR SIR

Hereby are submitted brief statements of such experimental
results obtained during 1924 as will serve to indicate the nature
of the more important lines of work.

In such a report of progress it should be understood clearly
that present ideas regarding some of the results are liable to
modification in the future as the researches are continued. Never-
theless, it seems desirable to transmit annually a paragraph con-
cerning the impressions derived from each project, even if some
readers do attach too much importance to certain indications.

Weather.

Detailed records may be found in the Climatological Data,
New England Section, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture
Weather Bureau.

The latest killing spring frost was on April 12, and the earliest
killing autumn frost was on October 14. Even the maximum
temperature in May was only 72°, beating the 35-year record, and
the average temperature for the month was about 2° below nor-
mal. Some idea of the variation in minimum night temperature
between the regular observation place on Kingston Hill and the
crop level at the experimental plain, one mile distant and at
about 130 feet lower level, may be gained by the following morn-
ing readings of some of the cooler autumn days:

Sept. 25, 27, Oct. 3, 13, 14, 15, 21, 23, Nov. 15, 17, 18, 19.
Kingston Hill 42° 41 48 34 32 36 27 29 26 11 10 11
Exp. plain .. 30? 29 31 28 22 28 19 15 14 11 4 2

*Contribution 314. In Bulletin of Rhode Island State College, Vol. XX, February, 1925.

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 41

According to the notes taken at the plain, the corn and millet
were touched by the frost on October 13; the peppers, buck-
wheat, summer squash and soybeans were killed on October 14;
— and beets, cauliflower and celery injured on October 21.

In 1924 occurred the driest June (1.76 in.) since 1915, and the
— driest July (1.44 in.) since 1907. Between the rainfall of 2.51 in.
on May 12, and the record breaker of 6.90 in. within 24 hours
beginning August 25, only 6.10 in. of rain fell. The rainfall for
the same period in 1923 was 6.33 in. For this particular period of
the year, these are the lowest records in many years, a search as
pr back as 1905 not having revealed any record nearly so low.
October was the driest of any month, excepting March 1915. Be-
- tween September 11 and November 21 only 1.26 in. of rain fell.

-—— d
g.- F

ie Organic Matter for the Soil.

In the spring of 1924, the winter legumes which were planted
on August 31, 1923, for winter cover crops were in the following
condition: alfalfa half covered the ground and was the best;
winter vetch covered only a tenth of the ground ; red clover was
very scarce, and sweet clover was missing. Early cucumbers
were planted on May 19, with a low- nitrogen fertilizer as usual
p in this experiment. The largest crop of cucumbers was from the
alfalfa plat, although on the average in other years, red clover
i and sweet clover had been followed by the best yields. There
was very little cucumber blight, hence no advantage or difference

b tween spraying or dusting with Bordeaux.

Based on the average of the last five years where corn is grown
continually with complete fertilizer, 49 bushels of corn were pro-
duced with 20 pounds of nitrogen per acre each year and with a
legume cover crop plowed in ; 44 bushels resulted from 60 pounds
of nitrogen and a rye cover crop plowed in, and 38 bushels from
60 pounds of nitrogen and no cover crop.

When supplied with plenty of high-nitrogen fertilizer, early
cabbages following late celery of the previous year continued to
yield satisfactorily whether, during the rotation, organic matter
had been supplied in stable manure, peat or green manures. For
the first time the same was true of early tomatoes, but it has not
yet been true of late celery. Early lettuce and late beets and

49 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

spinach continued to yield less on the plats which receive their
organic matter in peat instead of stable manure, although with
heavy application of acid phosphate the comparison is becoming
closer. A compost of the refuse of the rotation together with
peat, straw and a little manure has also been introduced as a
source of organic matter.

Green manure crops, planted during the latter half of July to
find out which will produce the largest amount of material above
ground, have yielded the following as an average of the last six
years:

Dry matter Dry matter
per aere. per aere.
Tons. Tons.
Japanese millet ........... 1.71 BusKWheat ˙ô 1.22
0 e tcd ee 1.39 Do. Gͤ ck ¥en es ELECTI. 1.16
FP miller 1.33 Budad gra 1.09
err 1.30

The barley only was left undamaged by the temperature of 20?
on October 14, and was not harvested until November 3. All the
other crops failed to make an average growth because of the un-
usually dry weather during a large proportion of their life.

Planted during the last half of July each year for green ma-
nure, red clover, cow-horn turnips and soybeans are plowed
under in the autumn, and their effect on both early lettuce and
beets compared with that of red clover, rye and timothy turned
under in the spring. The Vim were slightly larger on the fall-
plowed plats.

Where ten cords of only manure are used regularly in compari-
son with only fertilizer, the onions got the best start with the
fertilizer but the unusually dry weather later in the season re-
sulted in favor of the manure.

In case of the following three-year rotation: 1, beets before
cauliflower ; 2, spinach before carrots; 3, eggplant; as large crops
have, in general, been produced when 16 tons instead of 32 tons
of stable manure have been supplemented by fertilizer; mild ex-
ceptions being beets and eggplant. By replacing cauliflower with

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. | 43

7 Italian ryegrass and clover for plowing in, the manure has been
reduced to 8 tons and the yields of all the crops except eggplant
maintained by fertilizer.

In pots, with ample water and abundant nutrients, neither the
degree of decomposition nor the maturity of buckwheat used
as a green manure made any difference in the growth of a sub-
= sequent lettuce crop. With smaller amount of fertilizer, however,
the subsequent crops were superior when the green manures
were turned under in an immature condition and allowed to de-
f compose somewhat before planting the subsequent crop. It may
prove difficult to apply economically in field culture the large
amount of fertilizer necessary to secure to a rotation the benefits
of the organic matter in an abundant green-manure crop and also
el a satisfactory yield of the crop immediately following the
: * manure.

= Á
d

7 1 ] | Efficiency of Fertilizers and other Manures.

During seven continuous years, mixed hay with an annual top-
dressing of 75 pounds of phosphoric acid in acid phosphate, and
50 pounds of potash in wood ashes, has yielded the following
average weights with the different nitrogenous topdressings :

En

Tons of hay
o per acre.
E Horse E / ²¹»aA.ͥ·²˙¹ʃ˙ ꝛ ͤMm 2.96
go of ps DEUDA NORD APER... ²˙J] eo xo !!. 8 3.19

> 1 Where more lime is used with sulfate of ammonia than with
nitrate of soda, as is necessary if acidity is reduced to the same
amount, there was not much difference in the average yield of
Me E eo retables.

Is.

For mixed hay, the floats or undissolved phosphate rock was
> most uneconomical of all the carriers of phosphorus.

E E... the different commercial potash salts are so used that
not only an insufficient amount of potassium, but the associated
elements also, have an opportunity to exert an influence, the low-

44 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

est average increase in five years was with magnesium-potassium
sulfate. The percentage increases over the amount obtained with
this material were 9 with sulfate of potash, 13 with muriate of
potash and 35 with kainit. The superiority of the kainit was
doubtless due to its sodium, which is useful when potassium is
insufficient. The magnesium and sulfur have not yet been useful.

As usual on the early market-garden crops, 1500 pounds of a
4-10-2 fertilizer were a decidedly better supplement to 16 tons of
stable manure than were an additional 16 tons of manure instead
of fertilizer. A larger amount of nitrogen in the fertilizer, how-
ever, was profitable with the early cabbages, tomatoes and let-
tuce. There was no gain from additional phosphorus and potas-
sium, although lettuce has usually improved with more phos-
phorus. For the second crops of this rotation, 1000 pounds of a
5-7-6 fertilizer were used to supplement the spring application of
manure and fertilizer chemicals. Owing to the unusually dry
weather, normal late crops were not obtained but the celery
responded markedly to extra nitrogen, and the spinach to extra
phosphorus; but the beets did not respond to any extra fertilizer.

In the rotation where about four cords of cow manure with
straw bedding versus planer-shavings bedding have been com-
pared, the latter has been replaced by sawdust. The yield of
oats and Canada peas increased a fifth where acid phosphate, and
somewhat less where muriate of potash were added with the
manure and sawdust. The subsequent attempt to grow ruta-
bagas was a failure due to the unusually dry weather, but as
usual with turnips, the best growth was made where the acid
phosphate was supplied.

Plant Differences and Needs.

Twenty-two potato crosses supplied by the U. S. Department
of Agriculture yielded from 188 to 455 bushels of potatoes
heavier than 2 ounces. Under similar conditions the Green
Mountain yielded 332 bushels. Where conditions were some-
what different from these, the bushel yields were: Spaulding
Rose, 325; Green Mountain, 299; Early Eureka, 173, and Irish
Cobbler, 135.

In the non-manure, five-year rotations of corn, potatoes, rye,
grass and clover, and grass, there are plats with such differences

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 45

in the fertilizer that each year quite complete comparisons are
| possible with one of the crops (potatoes in 1924). Some common
1 E of the following ratio numbers represents the pounds of
ich En used per acre. The common multiplier 13 was

used for the potatoes.
$ Low Medium High

- EE ̃˙ ⅛˙Ürd-t es 4 6 8

E" S 6 9 12
oluble 20717 SOSTENCETERRERITORIRCIT F) tea 6 9 12

! T ie cheapest fertilizer ratio producing the maximum crop of
34 40 bushels was 6-12-9, or the equivalent of a ton of 4-8-6 fer-
tilizer. It seems quite remarkable that where nitrogen is omitted
fro m the fertilizer throughout the entire rotation, 261 bushels of
atoes were produced, which, moreover, is about the average
i of four successive, fifth-year yields under such conditions. With
Eie nitrogen the average yield for the same years has been
349 bushels, an increase of about a bushel of potatoes for each
: pound 1 of added nitrogen. In 1924 the increase in the yield from
> lowest to the highest ratio of phosphoric acid and also of
potash was equal to 2 bushels from each pound of the added fer-
t ilizer ingredient.
For early spinach, the Savoy-leafed yielded better than the
la iant Thick-leaf, contrary to the results of 1923.
> timothy strain test conducted in co-operation with the
l U. Ls. ment of Agriculture was discontinued after the hay-
ing. The strains were seeded in 1921, and the following observa-
1s will serve to give relative indications of the growth charac-
| "T istics:

Avg. weight
| of hay.
Sample Height Maturity Tons per A.

o. 8987 o hele ts: taller later* 3.36
taller earlier 3.19
taller later 2.99

shorter earlier 2.90
shorter earlier 3.03
shorter earlier 3.07

taller later* 3.53
taller later* 3.36
shorter earlier 3.54
eee Dickinson Seed Co... shorter later 3.58

*m ‘he A latest maturing strains.

46 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

From the same number of cabbage plants set out April 18-19,
the following yields were obtained on two early dates: Ug

a
5 Î

July 18 July 21 Lbs. per
Heads. Lbs. Heads. Lbs. Head.
% AVA 182 289 272 660 2,88
Charleston Wakefield ............ 74 146 276 655 2.00

The asparagus was cut before the sodium salts of 1924 were
applied, therefore the yields were influenced by no later sodium
application than those of July 29, 1923. The full rations of these
were equivalent to 1200 pounds of sodium oxid an acre. The ni-
trogen and phosphorus applications were liberal. The full rations.
of potassium salts were equivalent to 80 pounds of potassium oxidid
on both July 29, 1923, and April 18, 1924, Even where like soil
acidity was maintained (pH 5.8) the full application of sodium
chlorid increased the crop when used with an insufficient amount
of potassium, while the sodium carbonate did not. With the
smaller applications, the potassium carbonate was less usefu |
than the chlorid. On July 2, after the harvest, the full sodium
applications made were equivalent to 1500 pounds of sodium o
an acre. The full and three-fourths rations of sodium carbonate |
killed the chickweed but had little effect on the purslane, while
the salt had no apparent effect on either.

3

Annual sweet clover sown on April 15 in a grass mixture was
estimated to constitute only a tenth of the growth where potas-
sium was very deficient, the remainder being mostly redtop;
although with ample potassium, four-fifths of the growth was
sweet clover; here the alfalfa, alsike and red clover of the seed
mixture were represented but there was only a trace of the
timothy and redtop. Wood’s clover, Dalea alopecuroides, an
annual legume of the corn belt, was added in small proportion 3:
to the seed mixture, but plants could not be found. Sown by
itself, however, plants were grown and seeds formed. In seconc 1
year grass, alsike clover represented about a third of the mix
ture even with a wide difference in soil acidity; but on. th
strongly acid plat, alfalfa and red clover were absent, and timothy
much reduced, whereas the proportion of redtop was increased

five-fold. E
f

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 47

1923, 10 pounds of timothy and 15 pounds of mammoth,
ve p us medium, red clover were sown. The timothy was too
„ yet in the aftermath there was a fairly uniform stand of
he m um, but less than half a stand of mammoth. Both looked
k ut alike. In 1924 there was still a fair stand of the medium,
P E" blossomed earlier than the mammoth.

The more slowly maturing Rosen rye again produced consider-
ly y more grain than the common, or Excelsior, rye. The growth
lover in the Rosen rye was inhibited less than usual.

crown Hubbard squash seed was compared with strain
270 from the Vermont Experiment Station. The yields were
bout the same, around six tons. The Vermont strain ripened
arlier and bore a larger number of squashes, averaging 3.1
younds, but the home-grown strain averaged 5.5 pounds per
squash.
I1 in the greenhouse various kinds of plants were grown mainly
E uncooked in garnishings and salads. White mustard,
curled cress and Chinese mustard were first ready for harvest;
penard and beet grew more slowly ; chives, corn salad and
e grew very slowly. Later a yield comparison was made of
b am bust promising two kinds, the white mustard yielding about
a m more than the curled cress, but of material generally
onsidered to be less palatable.
No additional information was obtained concerning the at-
E. to grow greenhouse lettuce and cucumbers without ma-
». The salt concentration had become so great in certain sec-
8 (ten thousand parts of salts per million of dry soil) that the
] soil was discarded. In the new soil and sea-sand mixture an
| tempt is being made to grow tomatoes for late winter.
* e greenhouse, tomatoes of the largest yield and size were
the John Bear variety. There was not much difference in
: her respect between Bonny Best and Comet.
Cereal plants, not allowed to tiller, have for a number of seasons
n grown to maturity in solution in the greenhouse to deter-
P th their minimum requirements of each fertilizer nutrient for
E provided all other nutrients were plentiful. At
e the following amounts in dry matter seem to be suffi-

48 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Nitrogen Phosphoric

acid, PO,
Per cent. Per cent.
Cc 1.0 0.2
G AT vet eek aire TOUS da 0.7 0.1
% ˙ * ⁰ ˙ . m ˙ ˙ LEGI T 0.9 0.2

Soil cultures gave similar results to the foregoing for nitrogen
and potash ; but in our soil, even when the soil cultures were car-
ried on side by side with the solution cultures; two to three
times as much absorbed phosphoric acid was required. This
again gives evidence that when there is a supposed deficiency of
phosphorus as a nutrient, some unrecognized factor or factors in
certain soils may be inhibiting growth, and that the response "en j
sulting from the application of phosphorus is due to other than
plant-food effects.

Effect of Crops on One Another.

In 1924, the area used to determine the effect of two years’
growth of sixteen different crops on a single crop grown subse-
quently was devoted to the first year of the miscellaneous crops.

Late cabbages following four different first crops grown in
the same season, under conditions intended to be suitable, have
given the following yields as a seven-year average.

Late cabbage hes
Tons per acre,

% (oes ke SORE r- 9.30 i
Grown after spinach........ NS MTM |. 8.84 L
Grown after pen III AR VLL EIUS 8.585
/// A ⅛·˙ . e EN 8.09

There has been practically no difference during three seasons
in the growth of celery set out in the middle of July, "-——
equivalent of about a ton of 5-8-5 fertilizer, whether there had id
been plowed in, early in June, fully headed rye or slightly heade a
wheat; or oats a month later. 4

During the last three years, the yield of early tomatoes has
been about the same whether preceded by vetch and rye, or rec
clover as winter green-manure crops; but biennial sweet clover
produced a fourth larger crop. These cover crops, however,
planted after early cabbages of the preceding year, were fre
quently in poor condition in the spring. r

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 49

In n the sunken pots, the soil in which was nearly neutral, red-
pa crop with low lime-response and lime-content, grew bet-
wine mangels than following rye, onions, redtop or buck-
eat; whereas, mangels are markedly deleterious to a subse-
Ent crop with high lime-response.

"UN . d
T. “a |
7

*

Modification of Sour Soils.

The plats which receive high-calcium or high-magnesium hy-
drate or carbonate were in second-year grass and legume mix-
re. No important differences were noticeable in the herbage.
he last applications of the limes, on an equal neutralizing basis,
vere made in 1921. In 1924, the pH of the unlimed soil was 4.6;
the carbonate soil, 5.7; and of the hydrate soil, 5.9; the acre
leium-oxid requirement by the Jones method was 4400 pounds
or the unlimed soil, 1895 pounds for the carbonate soil, and 1490
ounds for the hydrate soil. Here is shown a cumulative ten-
ency for the hydrates to neutralize to a greater extent than the
Donates. New applications equivalent to 3,000 pounds of cal-
jum oxid were made at the close of the season.
e with numerous plats of lawn or putting-green
asses receiving various topdressings, acid-soil conditions
ve been maintained by annual applications of 250 pounds each
"sulfate of ammonia, acid phosphate and muriate of potash an
sre, and such troublesome weeds as plantain, dandelion, chick-
sed and crabgrass entirely eliminated thereby from competition
x bent t and fescue grasses.

Acic d-soil conditions are changed according to the crop which
Y row in: for example, where mangels had been grown in com-
son Erith corn, the former left the soil somewhat higher in
p acidity, lime absorption, and active alumina. Especially
of with high lime-response grew much better after corn than
| 5 m nangels, in case the alumina was active, the phosphorus
ntent was low, and the "lime requirement" was high.

| E determinations on cropped soils from the no-
sph horus plats show certain cumulative influences of an in-
d goo of lime: specific acidity, less lime, 125 ; more lime,
e requirement by Jones method, less lime, 2700 pounds;
* E. 950 pounds calcium oxid: áctive alumina, .5 N acetic

50 , RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

acid, less lime, 715 p.p.m.; more lime, 350 p.p.m.: .02 N acetic.
acid, less lime, 85 p.p.m.; more lime, 9 p.p.m.: active phosphoric |
acid, .2 N nitric acid, less lime, 115 p.p.m.; more lime, 77 p.p.m.

Large amounts of acid phosphate, which reduce alumina toxi-
city, proved useful in modifying the soil in preparation for low-
resistance crops, especially bunch beets, the first pullings of
which were again increased threefold. [

This station has for years advised against liming to neutram
and this year demonstrated again that even crops known to have
high lime-response lacked that uniform green color, indicative of
health, where soil had been limed in the past to slight alkalinity `
even though at present slightly acid (specific acidity 3, and Ca O
requirement, Jones method, 495 pounds); whereas strictly a com-
parable soil except that it had never been limed to neutrality
(specific acidity 25, and CaO requirement 1062 pounds) pro-
duced early lettuce of good color and twice as prolific; and, s
sequently, late beets with much less reddish leaves and twice a
large a yield. It should be stated, however, that an unusually
large application of acid phosphate was made in addition to t
other manures.

*

A given nutrient solution was changed toward alkalinity with
certain seedlings and toward acidity with others. To test the
effect of soluble aluminum on various seedlings they were He
in a nutrient solution to which phosphorus was added for a half
week and aluminum for an alternate half week to be sure tha t
aluminum phosphate was not precipitated. Under these condi
tions lettuce was injured by 2 parts of alumina per million of tk e
solution, and its life was at stake with 7 p.p.m., although the a
ter concentration simply depressed the growth of rye a fifth, and
it took 24 p.p.m. to depress the growth of rye a half. The low
resistance of lettuce to aluminum requires in the field "
attention to liming and phosphating for antidotal purposes. It is
well known that rye needs no such special attention.

‘a

^" g

Inheritance Studies with Poultry.

The analysis of the records on the Cornish-Hamburgh cro:
is nearly completed and ready for publication. This bears ou
the preliminary analysis which showed that the offspring frc
the cross between Silver Spangled Hamburghs and White ( oe

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 51

ish attain approximately the weight of the Cornish parent, and
that this weight is continued in the second generation crosses.
Due to the appearance of weird colors in plumage, shanks and
E skin, this cross is not recommended for the production of
sat fowls.

bn! pens of Light Brahmas and White Leghorns were
ated during the year. The first pens of second-generation
rosses will be mated during the coming season.

The data on the inheritance of egg weight have not yet been
nalyzed. It is planned to take up this work in the near future.

Eggs from Infected Hens.

No increase of infection was found in the yolks of eggs laid
: pens undergoing artificial immunization or even suffering
n infection with poultry pathogens. In no case were the or-
ni En: inoculated into the hens obtained from the yolks of their
» In most cases there was no change in germicidal power of
serum. Except with fowl cholera cultures, agglutination
ES... in the blood serum of the inoculated hens and also
extent in the albumen of eggs laid by such hens.

Study of Diseases in Poultry.

The attempt to rear turkeys by the rotation system continues
)e A successful. On account of the limited number of
ults ts hatched, the poults have all been reared with mother hens.
were put into small, movable pens and moved to new
and each week. After they were old enough to leave the
hey were still moved each week, but not always to entirely
ground. They were brought back to the same ground after
ror five weeks. Due to the small number of poults hatched,
ther experimental work in connection with blackhead could
T t inc ertaken.

The application of the agglutination test to the eradication of
"white diarrhea of chicks is being studied.

Some work has been done in the past year on the immuniza-
n of birds against infection with B. pullorum. So far no defin-
conclusions can be drawn from this work. Methods of stand-
dization of bacterial suspension are under investigation.

59 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

All attempts to transmit paralysis from diseased adult fowl
to normal birds have failed. Work on the cause of the disease is
being continued. All evidence seems to point toward intestinal
parasites as playing an important role in bringing on the diseas ISi
It is impossible at present, however, to place the responsibility
on any particular parasite. Autopsy frequently shows paralyser
birds to be almost free from parasites, but field study nearly al l-
ways associates the disease with old barns in which poultry h: ;
been kept for years or with badly overcrowded conditions; con
ditions that are highly favorable to intestinal parasites. b

Intestinal Disinfectant for Poultry.

d.

This is at present one of the main lines of work carried on witl
poultry. Some preliminary toxicity experiments were conducted
with young chicks during the last year. The use of some 4
fectants in connection with infection experiments is now b bei (it
tested on about seventy-five cockerels. During the hatc hit
season this work will be continued on chicks.

Publications.

Thirty-sixth annual report of the station. Jn Bul. of Rhoc
Island State College 19:39-50. :
Inspection of feeds. Annual feed circular, April, 1924, 12 p.
Inspection of fertilizers. Annual fertilizer circular, Or
1924, 12 Q,
The examination of eggs from infected and immunized h he
with germicidal tests on albumen and blood serum. Bul, ] 97
May, 1924, 48 p. b
The yield and mineral content of crop plants as influence ed I
those preceding. Bul. 198, June, 1924, 26 p. P»

The effect on present soil reaction of long-continued a app
tions of equivalent amounts of high-calcium and high
sium limes. In Soil Science 18 :169-172. |

Field crop response to the ingredients of potassium salts, j
Jour. Amer, Soc, of Agronomy 16:660-665. i

The effect in pot culture of green manure, in different stages
growth and. decomposition, on the subsequent crop: In Jou
Amer. Soc. of Agronomy 16:750-753. P

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 53

Changes in Station Staff, 1918-1924.

Beginning of Ending of

Name. Position.
E. employment. employment.

f dan s, Waldo L. Asst., Chemistry February, 1923
ridge, Chester G. Asst., Chemistry July, 1919 January, 1920.
jurgess, Paul S. Assoc. and Chief,

| Chemistry September, 1920 July, 1924.
aldwell, Dorothy W. Asst., An. Breed. and
E Path. September, 1920.
Crandall, Fred K. Asst. Field Expts. March, 1918
tross, F. Philip Jr. Asst., Chemistry July, 1920 September, 1921.
aag, J. Roy Asst., Chemistry February,1919 March, 1920.
ladley, Philip B. Chief, An. Breed. and
5 Path. September, 1920.
Iall, Henry B. Economics July, 1922 July, 1923.
eath, Bertha M. Asst., An. Breed |
and Path. January,1920 June, 1920.

Iolmes, Myron G. Asst., Chemistry January,1922 September, 1922.
ones, Robert L. Asst., Chemistry August, 1921 Oetober, 1924.
eLean, Forman T. Plant Physiology September, 1923

ther, William Asst., Chemistry July, 1919 August, 1921.
| iy, Henry G. Ohief, An. Breed. and

1 Path. | August, 1920
kle, George E. Asst., Chemistry September, 1918.
rtham, Alfred J. Asst., Chemistry September, 1922 January, 1923.
mber, Fred R. Assoc., Glasshouse
E Expts. September, 1923.
| ott, Walton H. Asst., An. Breed. and
= Path. November, 1918
egelin, Herman E. Asst., Path. September, 1924
ott, Alfred N. Asst., Chemistry August, 1922 Oetober, 1922.
1 th, John B. Assoc., Chemistry January, 1923
betts Helena A. Asst., An. Breed. and
g! Path. February, 1919 July, 1921.
ittsler, Ralph P. Asst., An. Breed. and July, 1922 August, 1924.
E Path.
Vessels, Philip H. Assoc., Chemistry August, 1922.
iliams, Mary E. Asst., An. Breed. and
| Path. July, 1921 July, 1922.

Respectfully submitted,

| | BURT L. HARTWELL,
Angston, R. I. | Director.
January 10, 1925.

"sal

REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE, 1924.

PRESIDENT HOWARD EDWARDS:
DEAR SIR:

I beg to present herewith the Annual Report for the Twenty ;-
Third Year of the Rhode Island State College Extension Service 3

Organization of Extension Service.

There has been no change in the organization at the coli ege.
As in past years, the work has been grouped under six projects
Administration, County Agent Work, Home Demons Ai ion
Work, Boys’ and Girls’ Club Work, Farm Management, and
Plant Industry Extension. ""

The only change affecting the extension work in coope
organizations is a revision of the constitution of the Newpe
County Farm Bureau so as to provide for a Home Bureau with 1a
definite plan of organization and relationship to the agricultu i:
work originally provided for when the Farm Bureau was o d i
ized.

Personnel.

There has been no change in the Extension Staff at the co
lege and the only changes to be noted among the County | te :
sion Workers is the resignation of Miss Laura M. Piedalue,
Home Demonstration Agent for Newport County, whic ‘oe
effect July 1, 1924 and that of Mrs. Ruth Murray Cuche n
Home Demonstration Agent for Providence County, on Fel b
ary 14, 1924. Mrs. Cruickshank was succeeded by Mrs. Vivi
MacFawn. Because of lack of funds in the Farm Bureau, n no suc
cessor to Miss Piedalue has as yet been chosen. Mr. Lau
G. Dodge who has been employed on part time each of the la
three winters for Farm Management Work finds that his time
so completely taken up by his farm enterprises that he will 1
longer be available for a continuance of this project. |

REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE. 55

In the Extension Office of the College Miss Alice Inez Mc-
Eo Secretary to the Director, resigned August 1, 1924 and
yas succeeded by Miss Helen Lowe Urquhart. Miss Sybil B.
wa Filing Clerk, resigned November 15, 1924 and her position
s filled by the appointment of Miss Marjorie Bedell.

Equipment.

The following equipment was purchased for the office: One
map case, six books, and a small stapler for desk use.

1

Publications.

3 ‘he following monthly bulletins have been issued:

Extension Bulletin No. 33, ‘‘Poultry Diseases.

(6 ib No. 34, **Grapes in Rhode Island."
(c JL No. 35, ** Home Preservation of Eggs.
00 €t No. 36, **Strawberries in Rhode Island.“

p terial dealing with extension work was also supplied from
1e to time to the newspapers especially by the county workers.
2 are co-operating with the Rhode Island Country Life
1 hing the paper with agricultural news and subject mat-
material.

Finances.

E he following financial statement is based on the report made
o the United States Department of Agriculture for the fiscal
ir ending June 30, 1924.

Smith-Lever Funds:

Weih- Lever . 811,195 31
Supplementary Federal Smith- Lever 384 90
State Smith-Lever Offset 1,195 31
Supplementary State Smith-Lever......... 384 90

United States Department of Agriculture Funds
allotted to Rhode Island:

wa COUNTY àgent Vork $3,300 00
For home demonstration work............ 2,700 00
For club work........ Epl p E m Aa RAUS fS 1,200 00

For farm management work.............. 750 00

County Agents which included workers from Massachusetts,

56 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

Conferences Dealing with Extension Work.

Very little change has been made in plans for conferences
through which the work of different employees is supported and
co-ordinated. Monthly conferences of the county agents and 1
home demonstration agents have been held, sometimes at the
Farm Bureau offices and at other times at the State College.
Quarterly conferences of all extension workers have been held on `

schedule the same as in past years. A Tri-State Conference of

Connecticut and Rhode Island, was held in July at Storrs Agri- |
cultural College and employees from the Rhode Island Exten- -
sion service were present. No conference of home demonstration
agents for the three southern New England States, such as has
been held in past years, was conducted this year, the geheral un-
derstanding being that all agents who could, would attend the
annual meeting of the American Home Economics —
held in Buffalo. The Extension Service was also represented a
the Annual Meeting of Extension Directors of the United Stat ba
held under the auspices of the Association of Land Grant Col-
leges. An annual conference of extension workers was held E 3
cember 4th and 5th at which Miss Florence E. Ward and Mr. H.
W. Hochbaum of the Federal Extension Service assisted in i
special discussion of methods in extension work. n
Considerable time was given by representatives of the exten-
sion service, both at the college and in the counties, to the work
which culminated in the holding of a three-day Agricultural Cond
ference under the auspices of the Farm Bureau'Federation "
various other organizations in the Biltmore Hotel, March 4-6
1924 and also in some of the work which was planned as a res
of this conference. 3
Camp Edwards, for members of Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs and
Club Leaders, was again held at the college with a very full and
enthusiastic attendance and a successful program.

r

Co-operation with Other Organizations.

Relations with other organizations are generally satisfactory
Granges especially are giving our work the most cordial support.
In many cases they are heading up the community wori "
practically every grange in the state accepts the assistance of the

REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE. 57

Extension Service in connection with its program. This is in line
with a policy persistently adhered to since the beginning of our
extension work that we shall so far as possible work with exist-
ing organizations rather than form new associations. The County
- Fairs have been particularly helpful in offering space for exhibits
and in return the county workers have assisted as managers of
educational features at the fairs.

Work by Projects.

Very little of the work of the Extension Service can be re-
corded because of the limitations set on the number of pages that
can be printed. Continued emphasis has been laid on the devel-
opment of the work by the project method which requires care-
ful planning, the setting of goals, and continued effort through-
out the year to attain the goals set. It is difficult for the county
E- to limit the amount of time which is given to miscellane-
s activities and work with individual persons. People generally
do o not understand the importance of a carefully mapped out pro-
"ram and conscientious adherence to the plans made and are apt
0 feel disappointed if they do not get all the personal service for
which they are inclined to ask. The demands for personal serv-
: e tends to increase as people become acquainted with the coun-
y agents The function of the workers, however, as leaders in
> development of definitely planned programs for systematic
n ement in the agriculture of the state rather than as itin-
| Es: dispensers of information in the form of individual service
s emphasized in conferences and meetings and we believe
nat there is a general understanding developing which will
E lead to a fuller recognition of the real 3 of
e Extension Service.

Program of Work.

PT he work of the Extension Service, in accordance with agree-
E entered into at the time of its reorganization under the
5 Smith- Lever Act, is carried on largely through the Farm Bu-
aus. A good deal of miscellaneous work comes into the main
ce and, owing to the fact that there are no club workers in the
des, the organization activities connected with the Boys'
nd Girls' Club Work is carried on at the college.

58 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

As an instance of the effort towards more carefully planned
agricultural work which is now being made may be given this
year's program of work for Southern Rhode Island.

A. Program of Work for 1924:

1. Community Organization Development
Community meetings
Tours
Field Day

2. Dairying—A Major Project.
Fundamental Problem is More Economical Milk Production.
(1) Eliminating poor cows, by |
a. Dairy eost accounts
b. High Production Sires
e. Use of Publieity
(2) Cheaper produetion, by
a. Growing more legumes.
(l-a) Red and Alsike Clover
(1-b) Soy Beans
b. Pasture Improvement
(3) Diversifieation by developing
a. Poultry
b. Fruit
e. Special Crops

3. Poultry—A Major or Minor Project.
Fundamental Problem for Southern Rhode Island is more and
better poultry.
(1) Poultry cost accounts—Adult
Poultry eost aecounts—Junior
` (2) Disease Control
(3) Culling Demonstrations
(4) Breeding Pens

Market Gardening—4A Minor Project

More Economical Production and Marketing

(1) Better Seed

(2) Better Grading

(3) Disease and Insect Control

5. Fruit—A Minor Project.

Greater returns
(1) Co-operative Demonstration of Spraying and Fertilization.
(2) Fertilization
(3) Marketing
(4) Disease Control Helps

i (5) Introduction of Blueberries

aa

REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE. 59

6. Field Crops—A Minor Project.
Tied up very closely with No. 2
(1) Farmers using Certified Seed Potatoes
(2) Fertilizer as top dressing for meadows
7. Assisting Local Co-operatives.
Establish contacts for purchasing Certified Seed Potatoes
Advise as to formulas for mixed fertilizer

Similar programs, varied to suit local demands and needs, are
outlined for the other two counties. This is by no means a com-
plete program such as should eventually be worked out for each
county, but nevertheless it is impossible for a single agent to
make any striking headway in any one year in carrying out such
an extensive plan as this and the present purpose is to concen-
trate on fewer projects in order to give more adequate time to
each line of work undertaken, having in mind, however, that we
must eventually develop and carry through a much more com-
prehensive program, even than that given, in order to secure a
more adequate and better balanced agriculture.

The following statistical data, summarized for the state from a
few of those given in the reports of the county agents, will give
some idea of the amount and variety of work carried on. The
agents have conducted definitely planned extension work in 60
communities of the state with a total number of 186 projects,
they have worked out local programs based on the general pro-
gram in 39 communities, they have made 1218 farm visits, have
spent 492 days in the field, have had 1869 office calls, 2465 tele-
phone calls, have written 2213 individual letters, sent out 9613
circular letters, distributed 987 bulletins and reports in response
to requests for information, written 150 articles for local papers,
have held 82 demonstrations at which there has been an attend-
ance of 1342 people, and they have attended 188 grange and other
meetings at which extension work in some form has been dis-
cussed. Thirty-one local leaders have assisted in the work and
definite reports have been received from farmers acknowledging
help received which has resulted in definite adoption of improved
practices in 768 cases.

Home Demonstration Work.
In Home Demonstration Work the program for the year, car-
ried out with minor changes in the different counties, has been
as follows:

BO RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

I. Clothing the family.

A. Appropriateness with regard to selection and combination of
materials, line design and color, relation of one garment to
costume, occasion, and standard style.

B. Construction, making use of the permanent pattern and hats
with variations. |

II. Feeding the family.

A. Selection of foods
B. Simple food facts based on the following topics: How and why
to plan meals underweight and overweight, and constipation.

The goal reached in this program has been as follows:

Seven hundred ninety-six families have been reached with
definite information on general appropriateness in dress, 1435 in-
dividuals on methods in the choice and making of garments and
hats, 359 permanent patterns were completed and 790 hats were
made. Eighty-eight families have adopted improved practices
relative to nutrition work and 25 method demonstrations in nu-
trition were given.

The home demonstration agents have conducted work in 45
out of 69 communities; they have spent 366 days in the field;
they have had 423 office calls and 1476 telephone calls; 969 in-
dividual letters were written; and there were held 155 demon-
strations at which there was an attendance of 1956 people. Nine-
ty-eight. communities have participated, 126 local leaders have.
assisted in the work and 1685 homes have adopted improved
practices.

Miss Kinne, Home Demonstration Agent for Southern Rhode
Island, has been able to render service to an unknown number of
people through radio talks given from station WJAR.

In Club Work the following projects have been carried on:
clothing, handicraft, foods, canning, poultry, gardening, dairy-
ing, and health (growth clubs). There are a total of 139 rural
clubs working in 63 rural communities and 15 city clubs. Eighty-
four club leaders have given assistance in the work. Six hundred
eighty-two garments and 2263 other articles of clothing have
been completed. Five hundred twenty-four articles have been
made by the handicraft clubs and the poultry clubs have raised
1255 birds.

REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE. 61

Among other items of achievement for this year are the follow-
ing: | | |
Five times as many Club Work Exhibits as in any previ-
ous year, :

SIX times as many demonstrations as in any previous year.
88% of Club members completed the season's work, a
higher percentage than ever before.

Over 400 new club members enrolled during the past fall.
First purebred heifer club organized.

Poultry Club at West Kingston doubles average produc-
tion per hen.

Growth Work brings the fourth “H,” Health, into Rhode
Island Club Work.

Special emphasis has been given this year to the securing and
training of leaders. The work at Camp Edwards.has been very
helpful in this connection. The participation in the Eastern
States Exposition by champions of Rhode Island Club Work has
also been an excellent incentive to better work and greater per-
sistence of effort throughout the year on the part of club workers.

lhe work in Farm Management was greatly handicapped this
year on account of the inability of Mr. Dodge to give as much
time to it as was originally contemplated. A survey, however,
was made of a number of market garden farms and an effort was
. made to reach fruit growers with but little result in the latter in-
stance. Considerable follow-up work was done with the farm ac-
count work. Experiences in the work of this project indicate
with unusual emphasis that the personal assistance of trained
men is necessary in order to put across the work of reorganizing
farm management plans and in keeping up an interest in farm
accounts. Farmers, well started along projects of this kind, very
frequently fall by the wayside and fail to carry out plans made
unless ready, efficient, and sympathetic assistance is available to
them in helping them over the hard places or in encouraging
them in continuing the work when other farm activities are in-
sistently calling for attention,

Plant Industry Work has been this year, as in the past, largely
a matter of supplying information to fruit growers on problems
of culture and management of orchards and fruit plantations and

62 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE.

on the prevention of damage from insect pests and diseases. No
definite record is kept of questions that come in and the number
of replies made, but it is estimated from the number of envelopes
used that from 1500-2000 replies to inquiries of various kinds are
sent out each year. Judging at the fairs has been a prominent
feature in the fall of the year as has been also the identification of
fruit sent in by growers. Last spring a definite project to demon-
strate better practices in orchard fertilization and orchard spray-
ing was outlined and a co-operative agreement was made with
an orchardist in each of the three farm bureau districts through
which he would carry out his orchard management according to
accepted practices and especially in the application of fertilizer
and in the uses of spraying material. The co-operation of the
Board of Agriculture in supplying spray mixture and in doing
the spray work was enlisted, but unfortunately the Board was
unable to carry out its part in the program on account of the fact
that no appropriations were made for the work of the Board.
Results satisfactory to the owners were achieved, however, and
the work will be continued for two more years. |

Respectfully submitted,

A. E. STENE,
Director.